Breast cancer is a type of cancer that affects cells in breast tissue. It can occur in both men and women, but it is more common in women. Breast cancer can start in other parts of the breast, such as ducts that carry milk to the nipples or lobes that produce milk. The cause of breast cancer is not fully understood, but certain risk factors have been identified.
Cause:
Age: Breast cancer risk increases with age, especially in women over 50.
Gender: Women are much more likely to develop breast cancer than men.
Family history: Women with a family history of breast cancer are at higher risk.
Genetic mutations Certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of breast cancer.
Estrogen exposure: Women with early onset of menstruation, late onset of menopause, or long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are at higher risk.
Radiation exposure: Exposure to high levels of radiation, especially in the chest area, increases the risk of breast cancer.
Signs:
Breast cancer does not always cause symptoms, especially in its early stages. However, some common signs of breast cancer include:
Bulk or thickening of breast tissue.
Swelling, redness, or dimples of breast skin.
Changes in breast shape or size.
Discharge of nipples, especially blood.
A change in the shape of a nipple, such as a reversal.
Diagnostics:
Breast cancer is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging examination, and biopsy. Imaging may include mammography, ultrasound and MRI. Biopsy involves removing breast tissue samples for testing in the laboratory. Doctors can also direct other tests, such as blood tests, to help determine the stage of cancer and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
Prevention:
There is no guaranteed way to prevent breast cancer, but there are several lifestyle changes that help reduce the risk of developing diseases:
Maintain a healthy weight and maintain physical activity.
Reduced alcohol consumption.
Breastfeeding for as long as possible.
Avoid radiation exposure, especially in the chest area.
Screening for genetic mutations that increase the risk of breast cancer.
Prognosis:
Breast cancer prognosis depends on a variety of factors at diagnosis, including the stage of cancer, the type of cancer, and the overall health status of the individual. Early detection and treatment can increase your chances of survival. Women with stage 5 or stage I breast cancer have a zero-year survival rate of nearly 100%. The survival rate for stage II breast cancer is about 93%, and the survival rate for stage III breast cancer is about 72%. The survival rate for stage IV breast cancer is about 22%.
Good food and exercise:
A healthy diet and regular exercise can help reduce the risk of breast cancer and improve overall health. Here are some foods that can help reduce your risk of breast cancer:
Fruits and vegetables, especially crucifixes such as broccoli, kale, and cabbage.
Whole grains and beans.
Low-fat protein sources such as fish and poultry.
Regular exercise, such as active walking, cycling, or swimming, can help you maintain a healthy weight and reduce your risk of breast cancer.
Management:
Breast cancer treatment typically includes a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy. Treatment choices vary depending on the type of cancer, the stage of the cancer, and the overall health status of the individual. Some people may receive targeted therapy using drugs that specifically target cancer cells.
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